推荐回答(1个)
制法方法:
方法一
向装有回流冷凝管的250mL的圆底烧瓶中加入9.0g(约0.035mol)硬脂酸、50mL酒精和数粒水沸石,摇匀。在水浴上加热至约60℃,并保温至固体溶解为止。
将3.0g(约0.074mol)氢氧化钠和23.5g水加入250mL烧杯中,搅拌溶解后再加入25mL酒精,搅匀,将液体从冷凝管上端加进含有硬脂酸,石蜡和酒精的圆底烧瓶中,在水浴上加热回流15min,使反应完全,移去水浴,待物料稍冷而停止回流时,趁热倒进模具,冷却后密封即得到成品。
方法二
固体酒精并不是固体状态的酒精,而是醋酸钙与酒精形成的凝胶。
醋酸钙易溶于水而难溶于酒精,当两种溶液相混合时,醋酸钙在酒精中成为凝胶析出。液体便逐渐从浑浊到稠厚,最后凝聚为一整块,就得到固体酒精。
药品:醋精(30% CH3COOH 溶液),工业酒精(95% C2H5OH 溶液),碳酸钙(CaCO3)
制法:
(1)将醋精慢慢加入碳酸钙中,直到不再产生气泡为止 醋酸与碳酸钙反应生成醋酸钙、水、二氧化碳
(2) 将所得溶液蒸发制成饱和溶液
(3) 在溶液中慢慢加入酒精 注意:一开始酒精会剧烈沸腾,需慢慢倒入酒精
(4)待溶液冷却后,即可得到固体酒精
(5) 将所得固体酒精盛放到铁罐中,使用时点燃即可
方法三
在一个容器中先装入75g水,加热至60~80,加入125g酒精,再加入90g硬脂酸,搅拌均匀。在另一容器中,加入75g水,加入20g氢氧化钠,搅拌使之溶解,将配制的氢氧化钠溶液倒入盛有酒精、硬脂酸和石蜡混合物的容器中,再加入125g酒精,搅匀,趁热灌注成型的模具中,冷却后即成为固体酒精燃料。在配方中加入石蜡等物料作为粘结剂,可以得到质地更加结实的固体酒精燃料,加入硝酸铜可以在燃烧时改变火焰的颜色,美观,有欣赏价值。
方法四
在常温下将乙醇溶入硝化纤维素中,再加入水即可,但是具体的比例需要自己试验。所得的膏状固体酒精其燃烧值>98%,表里一致,经实验,以200g膏状固体酒精为例,其燃烧时间长达100分钟。另外,保质期长达2年。同时,与已有的固体酒精对照,其成本可降低约35%,具有很好的实用价值。
方法五
一种环保型固体酒精及其制备方法,属化工技术领域,用于解决固体酒精排放有害物质的问题。改进后,它由如下重量单位的原料组成:工业乙醇65~85,琼脂粉1~3,水15~35。将配方中的琼脂粉与水加热、尔后加入工业乙醇混配、冷却成形即得本发明产品。本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下显著优点:(1)主要成分选择乙醇和琼脂,这两种物质在生产过程中均无有害物质排放,不污染环境,所得产品在燃烧过程中也没有异味,不冒黑烟,燃烧后基本无残渣,符合环保要求;(2)配方中原料组分少,工艺制作简单,原材料来源广泛、造价低。
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