锻件都有什么特点?

2025-04-08 01:19:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

1)重量范围大。锻件有小到几克至大到几百吨。
2)比铸件质量高。锻件的力学性能比铸件好,能承受大的冲击力作用和其他重负荷,所以,凡是一些重要的、受力大的零件都采用锻件。
对于高碳化物钢而言,锻件比轧材质量好。如高速钢轧材(或锻材)只有经过改锻后才能满足使用要求。特别是高速钢铣刀必须进行改锻。
3)重最轻。在保证设计强度的前提下,锻件比铸件的重量轻,这就减轻了机器自身的重量,对于交通工具、飞机、车辆和字宙航撩器械有重要的意义。
4)节约原材料。例如汽车上用的静重17kg的曲轴,采用轧材切削锻造时,切屑要占曲轴重量189%,而采用模锻时,切屑只占30%,还缩短机加工工时1/6。
精密锻造的锻件,不仅可节约更多的原材料,而且也可节约更多的机加工工时。
5)生产率高。例如采用两台热模锻压力机模锻径向止推轴承,可以代替30台自动切削机床。采用顶锻自动机生产M24螺母时,六轴自动车床生产率的17.5倍。
6)自由锻造灵活性大,因此,一些修造厂中广泛地采用锻造方法生产各种配件。

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