商朝青铜器的铸造有什么特点

2025-03-16 16:10:41
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一 生产规模大,技艺水平高.
二 分工细致.
三 种类繁多.
四 不仅有实用的功能,还具有高超的艺术价值. 下面是详细的。麻烦采纳一下。
商代晚期前段:本期新出现的器类有方彝、觯、觥等。方形器大为发展,几乎所有的酒器都为方形。纹饰方面,动物形象比较具体,有的甚至有写实感,主体花纹和地纹明显区分,地纹常为细雷纹,与主体花纹构成强烈对比。主体花纹多采用浮雕手法,风格有浑圆、峻锐两种。铭文多为一二字,为器物所有者的族徽。器形方面,鼎的变化较大,除通常样式外还出现了分档鼎。方鼎都是槽形长方,柱足粗而偏短。簋仍为无耳,腹变浅,最大腹径上移。觚的造型向细长发展,喇叭口扩展,大十字架镂孔退化为十字孔,或穿透或不透。扁体爵大减,圆体爵盛行。斝的变化是斝板上始见兽头装饰。三足明显增高。戈出现了带胡带穿。
2)商代晚期后段:器类方面,无肩尊和扁体卣是新出的典型器,始见马衔等车马器。多沿用商代晚期前端的器类。这一期纹饰最为发达,艺术装饰水平达到高峰,以动物和神怪为主体的兽面纹空前发展。纹饰不仅仅施在器身,有些视线不及的底部也装饰花纹。花纹总体风格森严庄重。这一期出现了记事形式的较长铭文。但最多不过三四十字。铭文铸工精细,内容有族徽、祭祀祖先、赏赐、征伐等。器形方面鼎除柱足外,出现了蹄形足;圆鼎较多,直耳略向外撇。簋最大变化是双耳簋急剧流行觚基本似前段,仍为细长身喇叭口。爵的变化不大,仍为圆体爵,平底爵消失,爵柱后移。斝仍见兽头装饰,继续流行袋足斝,但体较低而宽,柱饰粗壮。戈多有胡,胡上有一二穿。

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