推荐回答(1个)
“南京”之名始于六朝
城名经历过40余次更改
南京有‘六朝古都’、‘十朝都会’之称,先后有过几十个名称,金陵(春秋战国)、秣陵(秦、汉)、建业(三国)、建邺(西晋)、建康(东晋南朝)、丹阳(西晋、东晋)、归化、白下(唐代)、升州(唐、宋)、上元、江宁(宋、元、明、清)、集庆(元)、南京(明代)、天京(太平天国)……这在中外历史上是很少见的文化现象。”
“南京地名的频繁更迭,决不是一种称谓的简单变化,它见证了南京历史的沿革和社会变迁,是一部荣辱兴衰的编年史,”原建邺区地方志办公室胡老先生也打来电话,“南京遗留下来的地名从一个侧面印证了她历经的沧桑历史,今天仍然沿用的不少地名至少有千年的历史,体现了石城的历史面貌和古都特色。南京自公元前472年越王勾践灭吴,在今中华门外建越城起,历经朝代更替,曲折坎坷,仅城市名称就有40多次更改,建制演变频繁,为国内罕见。今天南京市内的建邺、白下两区的区名,以及建邺路、秣陵路、白下路、金陵路、江宁路、集庆路、建康路、升州路的得名,都是源于南京的古称。从丰富多彩的称谓中,人们可以领略南京发展演进的历史轨迹。”
历史上南京不止一个
市地名办老专家徐兴钊向记者作了精辟的介绍,据考证,早在六朝时期,就有了“南京”(今南京)之名。梁代史学家萧子显在《奉合昭明太子钟山讲解》中写有“嵩岳基旧宇,盘岭跨南京”,即将石头城称为南京了。唐高宗李治应明僧绍第五代孙明崇俨的请求为明僧绍立御碑,亲自撰写碑文:“凌江迥憩,遂届南京。”这是官方称石头城为南京的最早记载。朱元璋推翻元朝后,于洪武元年(1368年)在应天府称帝,并改应天府为南京。从那时起,“南京”这一称谓专指今天的南京,并一直沿用至今。
随后他又指出,其实,历史上中国称“南京”的地方不止一个,位置各异。唐代天宝十五年(756年),安禄山举兵叛唐,唐玄宗李隆基为了逃避“安史之乱”,便从长安(今西安)匆匆逃到成都,并改“成都”为南京,不到一年,李隆基之子李亨(唐肃宗)夺取了皇位,恢复了成都的原称。五代时,后唐天成三年(928年),辽国将其属地辽阳一度命名为南京。后晋天福元年(936年),称幽州(今北京)为南京。北宋太祖赵匡胤因在宋州(今河南省商丘市)驻扎过,所以在登基即位不久,便将宋州改称为南京。金天辅年间(1117~1123年)金太祖完颜亮赐平州(秦皇岛一带)名为南京,天会元年(1123年)金太宗完颜晟改开封为南京。
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