推荐回答(4个)
表面环境 木星的成份绝大部分是氢和氦。木星离太阳比较远,表面温度低达摄氏零下150度,木星内部散放出来的热,是它从太阳接受的热的两倍以上,所以如果木星只靠太阳的热来加温,表面温度还会再低20度。 星体结构 木星的表面是由液态氢以及氦所组成的,在深入地心为液态的金属氢,其核心为一个岩质的核,约有地球的两倍大,十倍重。木星拥有非常大的磁场,表面磁场的强度超过地球的10倍。木星的磁气圈分布范围比地球磁气圈的范围大上100多倍,是太阳系中最大的磁气圈。由于太阳风和磁气圈的作用,木星也和地球一样在极区有极光产生。 行星环 随着行星际空间探测器的发射,不断揭示出太阳系天体中许多前所未知的事实,木星环的发现就是其中的一个。早在1974年"先锋11号"探测器访问木星时,就曾在离木星约13万公里处观测到高能带电粒子的吸收特征。两年后有人提出这一现象可用木星存在尘埃环来说明。可惜当时无人作进一步的定量研究以推测这一假设环的物理性质。1977年8月20日和9月5日美国先后发射了"旅行者1号"和"旅行者2号"空间探测器。经过一年半的长途跋涉,"旅行者1号"穿过木星赤道面,这时它所携带的窄角照相机在离木星120万公里的地方拍到了亮度十分暗弱的木星环的照片。同年7月,后其到达的"旅行者2号"又获得了有关木星环的更多的信息。根据对空间飞船所拍得照片的研究,现已知道木星环系主要由亮环、暗环和晕三部分组成。环的厚度不超过30公里。亮环离木星中心约13万公里,宽6000公里。暗环在亮环的内侧,宽可达5万公里,其内边缘几乎同木星大气层相接。亮环的不透明度很低,其环粒只能截收通过阳光的万分之一左右。靠近亮环的外缘有一宽约700公里的亮带,它比环的其余部分约亮10%,暗环的亮度只及亮度环的几分之一。晕的延伸范围可达环面上下各1万公里,它在暗环两旁延伸到最远点,外边界则比亮环略远。据推算,环粒的大小约为2微米,真可算是微粒。这种微米量级的微粒因辐射压力、微陨星撞击等原因寿命大大短于太阳系寿命。为了证实木星环是一种相对稳定结构这一说法,人们提出了维持这种小尘埃粒子数量的动态稳定的几种可能的环粒补充源。
木星表面是大气层,木星大气层厚度约3000公里,表面温度-150℃,比地球最低温还低了60℃。大气层下面是水冰云层,这里约为10个标准大气压,温度20℃,这里也是木星闪电的汇聚地,木星闪电威力超强,至少是地球闪电的10000倍威力。到水冰云层底部温度时温度瞬间飙升至200℃,大气压力也增加到了1000个标准大气压。越往下越稠密,压力越大,温度越高,正是氢、氦在巨大压力作用下被压缩成超临界流体(固液并存的状态)的阶段。到达中间层的时候周围密度与人体密度就相等了,就再也下不去了。假设还能再往下,就会到达金属氢层,这是氢在巨大压力下被压缩成的形态,这时候温度14000℃,大气压力200万。如果要继续下降,那么下面就是木星核心,因为密度超大的原因,下到核心约需地球上一个半月左右的时间。木星核心是由铁、镍、岩石和宇宙外来冰等物质构成,体积和质量至少是地球的10倍,这里温度50000℃,大气压力也有4000万。
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