为节省药品和时间,甲、乙、丙三位同学用铜片、锌片、稀硫酸、CuSO4溶液、直流电源、石墨电极、导线、烧

2025-04-06 23:55:22
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)甲同学用两种金属放到酸中是否产生气泡或产生气泡的快慢来比较金属性强弱,
锌和酸反应生成氢气,所以锌表面有气泡生成,铜和稀硫酸不反应,所以铜片上没有气泡产生,其设计思路为:锌能置换出酸中的氢,而铜不能,
故答案为:锌片上有气泡产生,铜片上无气泡;锌能置换出酸中的氢,而铜不能;
(2)乙同学在甲的基础上,加入CuSO4溶液观察现象,锌与少量硫酸铜发生置换反应生成的铜附在锌表面形成微型原电池,锌作负极而加速被腐蚀,所以加快了反应速率,产生气泡的速率加快,说明锌比铜活泼,
故答案为:CuSO4;锌片上有红色的铜析出,锌片上产生气泡的速率明显加快;活泼金属可以把不活泼金属从其盐溶液中置换出来(或Zn、Cu、稀硫酸组成原电池,Zn为负极);
(3)在含有铜离子和锌离子的溶液中进行电解实验,不活泼金属阳离子先得电子而析出单质,阴极上先析出铜单质,电池反应式为2CuSO4+2H2O

 电解 
 
2Cu+O2↑+2H2SO4,说明锌比铜活泼,所以应该向乙的实验后的溶液中加入硫酸铜,电解时,阴极上铜离子放电生成铜单质,阳极上氢氧根离子放电生成氧气,所以看到的现象是:阴极上有红色铜析出,阳极附近有气体产生,
故答案为:CuSO4;2CuSO4+2H2O
 电解 
 
2Cu+O2↑+2H2SO4;阴极上有红色铜析出,阳极附近有气体产生;
(4)可以从氧化还原反应的先后顺序去证明金属的活泼性,即与同种氧化剂接触时,活泼性强的金属先与氧化剂反应,活泼性弱的金属后与氧化剂反应,因此可以将锌、铜分别同时加入到少量浅绿色的氯化亚铁溶液中,加入锌的溶液褪色,说明锌比铜活泼,所以其操作方法是:分别取一小片铜片与锌片置于两支试管中,向试管中加入少量浅绿色的FeCl2溶液,片刻后,加锌片的试管中溶液的颜色褪去,溶液近乎无色(其他可行答案也可),
故答案为:分别取一小片铜片与锌片置于两支试管中,向试管中加入少量浅绿色的FeCl2溶液,片刻后,加锌片的试管中溶液的颜色褪去,溶液近乎无色(其他可行答案也可).

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