为什么说徐乾学、汤斌等煽三百年来恶风、流毒及于今日?
推荐回答(1个)
刘师培:“汤斌亦受学夏峰,然觍颜仕虏,官至一品,贻儒学之羞。”(刘师培.《清儒得失论》:中国人民大学出版社,2004年:第260页)
梁启超:“其纯然为学界蟊贼,煽三百年来恶风,而流毒及于今日者,莫如徐乾学、汤斌、李光地、毛奇龄。……汤斌、李光地,皆以大儒闻于清初,而斌以计斩明旧将李玉廷,光地卖其友陈梦雷,而主谋灭耿、郑,皆坐是贵显。然斌之欺君,圣祖察之,光地之忘亲贪位,彭鹏闽人,给事中,与光地同乡。劾之,即微论大节,其私德已不足表率流俗矣。而皆窃附程朱、陆王,以一代儒宗相扇耀,天下莫或非之。质而言之,彼二氏者,学术之醇,不及许衡,而隳弃名节与之相类;阶进之正,不及公孙弘,而作伪日拙与之相类。程朱、陆王之学统,不幸而见纂于竖子,自兹以往,而宋明理学之末日至矣。” (梁启超.《梁启超全集》第3卷 新民说:北京出版社,1999年:第611页)
梁启超:“而李光地、汤斌,乃以朱学闻。以李之忘亲背交,职为奸谀,(李绐、郑成功以覆明祀,前人无讥,全谢山始诃之。))汤之柔媚取容,欺罔流俗,(汤斌虽贵,而食不御炙鸡,帷帐不过枲絅,尝奏对出语人曰:生平未尝作如此欺人语,后为圣祖所觉,盖公孙弘之流也。).而以为一代开国之大儒,配食素王,末流所鼓铸,岂待问矣!” 后此则陆陇其、陆世仪、张履祥、方苞、徐乾学辈,以媕婀夸毗之学术, 文致其奸,其人格殆犹在元许衡、吴澄之下,所谓《国朝宋学渊源记》者,殆尽于是矣。(梁启超.《梁启超全集》第3卷 新民说:北京出版社,1999年:第718页)
章太炎:“汤斌、杨名时、陆陇其辈,江郑堂(江藩)《宋学渊源记》所不收,其意良是。何者?炎黄之胄,而服官异族,大节已亏,尚得以理学称哉!”(章太炎.《国学略论》:上海文艺出版社,2001年:第160页)
章太炎:“斌既有吏才,而知取与之术,欲托方闻大儒以自华。闻孙奇逢讲学夏峰,往从受业十年。又尝与黄宗羲问对,则曰:"黄先生论学,如大禹导山水,脉络分明,吾党之斗杓也。"然本意欲以此养高,出而缘饰吏事.故终身无自得。特工为剽取,调和朱陆间以自文。而流俗遂相扇为大儒,稍稍忘其拒义师战功矣。”(上海人民出版社2014年4月出版《章太炎全集•别录乙•汤斌》)
邓实 :邓子又曰:余叙述一代学术,而不及在高位者,如宋学一派,则二魏象枢、裔介、汤斌、李光地,汉学一派,则徐乾学、纪昀、阮元、毕沅,皆以大人先生,执学界之牛耳,然而无取焉者,一则伪名道学,以腴媚时君,一则著述虽富,或假手于其食客,是故清学而有此巨蠹之蟊贼,而清学亦衰矣。(清代学术之流变 《国学今论》【《国粹学报》第一年(1905)第四、五号)
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