推荐回答(3个)
《谏太宗十思疏》语言美赏析
福建省福鼎市第五中学语文组 355204 林承雄
《谏太宗十思疏》是一篇骈体文,但它与当时流行的骈文有很大的不同,它既充分地吸取了骈文“骈四俪六”的对称句法结构,又大胆地突破骈文形式的束缚,采用三排句、正反相照、首尾衬词、整散交错等技巧来使语言生动活泼,而且在遣词造句方面他摒弃了繁复的用典与华丽的藻饰,还之以朴实、简洁、明快。实在是今天我们高中生学习写作议论文的典范文章。以下试作分析:
一、巧譬喻,化抽象为具体。
魏征是个有名的“诤臣”,勇于进谏,又善于进谏。他向唐太宗进谏“十思”,并非马上就单刀直入,而是避实就虚,先以两个众所周知的自然现象设喻作铺垫:“臣闻求木之长者,必固其根本;欲流之远者,必浚其泉源”;然后再亮出主旨:“思国之安者,必积其德义”。紧接着又反转一笔,从反面设喻来阐述“积德义”的重要性:“源不深而欲流之远,根不固而欲木之长,德不厚而思国之安,……斯亦伐根以求木茂,塞源而欲流长也”。这样正反对比,十分有力地强调了积善修德的极端重要性,更具有无可辩驳的说服力。
二、妙排比,增强说理气势
传统以来的骈文多是大量的运用对偶句,而魏征却突破了这一樊篱,大胆采用三排句来推演义理,如“臣闻求木之长者,必固其根本;欲流之远者,必先浚其泉源。思国之安者,积其德义”与“源不深而欲流之远,根不固而欲木之长,德不厚而思国之安”连续三个句法结构相同的句子铺排而来,语势凌厉,汩汩滔滔,不可阻挡。
三、衬虚词,变呆板为活泼
六朝骈文的句式多以四、六字句为主,但常常夹有杂言。唐代开始,骈文的句式更趋规整,出现了通篇四、六字句的骈文,所以在宋代一般又称骈文为“四六文”。而本文在句式上已显然突破了“骈四俪六”的局限,大胆在句首或句尾加上虚词,如虽、终、斯、岂、盖、诚能、何必、而况、乎、也、哉等,或转折,或推论,或感叹,或假设,或设疑,或反诘,使语句更加活泼,通俗,浅显,更具有口语化的味道。
四、添散句,行文错落有致
骈文的主要特点是要求通篇文章句法结构相互对称,词语对偶。但是作者并不拘泥于此,大量运用对偶句、三排句的同时,有机地穿插了一些散句,使行文腾挪摇曳,俯仰生姿,别有一番情趣。如“岂其取之易守之难乎?”、“怨不在大,可畏唯人;载舟覆舟,所宜深甚”,“何必劳神苦思,代百司之职役哉”等,这些非骈句的插入,使得文章骈散相间,错落有致。
五、智设疑,忠言委婉顺耳
作者在议论展开的阶段,善于相机质疑反诘来催人猛醒,使词锋更加犀利、尖锐,令人闻之如醍醐灌顶,茅塞顿开。第一段中的“臣虽下愚,知其不可,而况于明哲乎!”这一问语既尖刻有充满对皇上自我反省的殷切期待;第二段的“岂其取之易守之难乎?”这一质疑则更进一层劝戒皇上要防微杜渐,居安思危;第三段在历数“十思”之后以“何必劳神苦思,代百司之职役哉?”这一反问句收绾全文,余音袅袅,耐人斟酌。
“诗文之期能达于其真者,重在自然浑成;鹜于美者,出之雕琢藻饰”(傅庚生《中国文学欣赏举隅(之十六)•自然与藻饰》)这篇骈文不用什么繁复隐晦的事典,也力避华丽生僻的用词,直抒胸臆,坦诚率真,引喻剀切,浅出深入,自然明了,这与当时的形式主义的文风是截然不同的。它极鲜明地体现了魏征的文学主张。即便是对今天的我们而言,也是很有借鉴意义的。
http://www.teachcn.net/edu/article/2004-07/831.htm
http://www.xtxjyj.com/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=22614
可能可以
http://www.xtxjyj.com/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=22614
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