环佩空归夜月魂的解释

杜甫的
2025-03-26 19:56:21
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

说的是佩带玉饰的昭君已经死在匈奴,只有她的魂魄能在月夜归来。
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这是《咏怀古迹》五首之三,咏怀明妃王昭君:
群山万壑赴荆门,
生长明妃尚有村。
一去紫台连朔漠,
独留青冢向黄昏。
画图省识春风面,
环佩空归夜月魂。
千载琵琶作胡语,
分明怨恨曲中论。
起句“ 群山万壑”,写群山相连,万壑钟秀,奔赴荆门,山川灵秀钟于此处,才生长出明妃这样的人物来。诗人瞻慕古人之情,写得极为郑重,起得极为突兀 。二句引出明妃,说“尚有村”,生长名邦,殁身塞外,仅遗此迹,一个“尚”字,流露出沉郁的伤悼之情 。三四句承上转出一出深宫,竟死塞外之意。“一去”二字说得痛切。“紫台”,汉宫名。“去紫台”而“连朔漠”,出汉宫而入塞外,这是怨恨之始。“独留青冢向黄昏 ”,写得凄绝 。生离汉国,死葬异地,其骨虽朽,其冢犹青,这是怨恨之结 。“独留”,“向黄昏”,“ 青冢”,都透出明妃之怨恨。五六句承上作转折 ,“画图省识”一语说得委婉而尖历,是以虚笔运实事 。“省识”与“空归”对文,“省识”即详识。识人靠画图,君王之昏庸可知,后宫之黑暗可知,多少才人被埋没又可想而知了 。故“画图省面”,生前失宠之“怨恨”可知。而“一去紫台”、“独留青冢”都因此而生,因此而起。“一去紫台”、“独留青冢”,说去国之恨 ,留葬异乡之怨 ,这里饱含家国之思,因此六句引出“ 环佩归魂”。美如明妃,抱恨绝域,因而此句说其死之遗恨未偿 ,故曰“ 归魂 ”;而此“归魂”终属“空归”、枉归。生前失宠,死后无依,离家去国,遗恨绝域,写来凄极,怨极。结尾借出塞之曲点明题旨 。《琴操》 :“昭君作怨思之歌 。”昭君之怨歌当从“ 琵琶 ”中弹出,饰“琵琶”以“千载”,是指其怨恨之长久,何况汉人又“作胡语”,此中更透出离家去国之怨思。唯有琵琶写意,千载留恨。结尾一气喷薄,变全诗之含蓄委婉而为怨恨慷慨。美女遗恨与才士失志本相通联,感明妃遗恨绝域,叹志士失遇无路。美不得宠才不得用,离家去国之思,寂寥千载之恨,种种古人今人之怨恨,都概括在诗中。诗风含蓄委婉而又慷慨悲歌,极有韵致。
《咏怀古迹》组诗借古迹以咏怀,叹庾信之“萧瑟 ”,伤宋玉之“空文藻”,悲明妃之“怨恨”,感怀蜀主身后之“ 虚无”,奴惜诸葛孔明之大功不成。诗人借古人古事寄托感慨,将自身之感、时事之情融入诗中,因此全组诗感情深厚,转折跌宕,峥嵘多姿,是杜诗七律中优秀诗作。

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