盘古开天地,这个故事来自古代神话小说集的哪个

2025-02-22 01:41:19
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

  盘古神话
  关于天地开辟的神话。盘古神话,始见於《艺文类聚》所引三国时吴人徐整的《三五历纪》和清人马骕《绎史》所引《五运历年纪》。

  盘古神话的内容大概是说,远古时天地浑沌象个大鸡蛋,盘古就生长在这个大鸡蛋中。经过一万八千年,天和地分裂开来,阳清为天,阴浊为地。盘古在天地当中,智慧超过天,能力超过地。天,每天升高一丈;地,每天加厚一丈。盘古的身子也每天伸长一丈。这样又经过一万八千年,天极高了,地极厚了,盘古的身子也极长了。

  盘古临死时,呼出的气成了风和云,声音成了雷霆,左眼变成太阳,右眼变成月亮,四肢五体变成大地的四极和五方的名山,血液变成江河,筋脉变成道路,肌肤变成田土,头发和髭须变成天上的星星,皮肤上的汗毛变成草和树木,牙齿和骨头变成金属的矿物和岩石,精液和骨髓变成珍珠和美玉,流的汗变成雨,……盘古用他的身体化成世界万物。

  盘古神话虽未见於先秦古籍,但它和《山海经》所记的烛龙神话却有相似之处,或者就是这一神话的演变,后来又吸收了南方民族盘瓠传说的某些因素,才创造出这样一个开天辟地的神话人物。到明末周游写《开辟衍绎》,盘古手里又给加上了斧头和凿子这两件劳动工具,故事内容发展为包含劳动开辟天地的观念。

  有关盘古的神话,最早在我国南方少数民族民间广泛流传。苗,瑶向来崇奉盘古,把盘古看作自己的祖先。壮、侗、仫佬等民族也盛传盘古,把盘古看作开天辟地的人类始祖。“今南海有盘古氏亘三百余里,俗云后人追葬盘古氏之魂也。桂林有盘古氏庙,今人祝祀”①。远在魏晋南北朝时代,在有壮族先民居住的海南一带,就有追葬盘古氏之魂的“墓地”;特别是当时作为壮族聚居之地的桂林(。治所在今柳州市东南),竞立有盘古氏的庙宇,人们为之“祝祀”。可见盘古在古代壮族人民的心目中也是很受崇奉的形象。

  有一篇神话的大意是:最初天地浑沌象一个大鸡蛋,盘古就生存在中间,后来大鸡蛋爆裂了,于是天地形成了。日月、江河、风云、草木等等是盘古死后身躯分化而成的:“气作风云、声为雷霆、左眼为目、右眼为月、四肢五体为四极五狱,血液为江河,筋脉为地里,肌肉为田土,发髭为星辰,皮毛为草木,齿骨为金石,精髓为珠玉,汗流为雨泽,身之诸虫,因风所感,化为黎虻②。”

  这种说法,古籍文献也有记载。如“昔盘古氏之死也。,头为四岳,目为日月,脂膏为江海,毛发为草木”③。桂西一带,今天还在民间流传着这样的《盘古开天辟地歌》:

  盘古开天地,

  造山坡河流,

  划洲来住人,

  造海来蓄水。

  盘古开天地,

  分山地平原,

  开辟三岔路,

  四处有路通。

  盘古开天地,

  造日月星辰,

  因为有盘古,

  人才得光明④。

  (摘自黄现璠著《壮族通史》)

  注:①梁任昉:《述异记》。②徐整:《五运历年记》、《绛史》卷一。③梁任昉:《述异记》。》。④七朝荣唱,廖元田、农达奴记录:壮族文学史调查组搜集

回答2:

盘古,又称盘古氏,混沌氏。是中国传说中开天辟地创造人类世界的始祖。盘古开天的记载最早见于三国时期吴国徐整著《三五历纪》[1] :
“天地浑沌如鸡子,盘古生其中。万八千岁,天地开辟,阳清为天,阴浊为地。盘古在其中,一日九变,神于天,圣于地。天日高一丈,地日厚一丈,盘古日长一丈,如此万八千岁。天数极高,地数极深,盘古极长。后乃有三皇。数起于一,立于三,成于五,盛于七,处于九,故天去地九万里。”
其后,南朝萧梁的任昉撰的《述异记》称盘古身体化为天地各物。《五运历年纪》及《古小说钩沉》辑的《玄中记》亦有类似记载。
明董斯张在《广博物志》中条引《五运历年纪》云:“盘古之君,龙首蛇身,嘘为风雨,吹为雷电,开目为昼,闭目为夜。死后骨节为山林,体为江海,血为淮渎,毛发为草木”。
《述异记》卷上记载:“今南海有盘古墓,亘三百余里,俗云后人追葬盘古氏之魂也。南海中有盘古国,今人皆以盘古为姓。”据考证盘古墓位于广西来宾市。

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