火力发电厂产生大量的氮氧化物(NOx)、二氧化硫和二氧化碳等气体会造成环境污染.对燃煤废气进行脱硝、

2025-04-02 06:01:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)由①CH4(g)+4NO2(g)=4NO(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g)△H1=-574kJ?mol-1
②CH4(g)+4NO(g)=2N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g)△H2=-1160kJ?mol-1
根据盖斯定律可知,

①+②
2
可得CH4(g)+2NO2(g)=N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g),
则△H=
△H1+△H2
2
=-867 kJ/mol,
即热化学反应方程式为CH4(g)+2NO2(g)=N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g)△H=-867 kJ/mol,
故答案为:CH4(g)+2NO2(g)=N2(g)+CO2(g)+2H2O(g)△H=-867 kJ/mol;
(2)①由图可知,最高点以后随温度的升高,甲醇的体积分数减小,则正反应为放热反应,则该反应的逆反应为吸热反应,
故答案为:吸热;      
②CO2+3H2CH3OH(g)+H2O(g)
开始 1   3            0       0
转化0.75 2.25        0.75     0.75
平衡 0.25 0.75        0.75    0.75
A.10min后,向该密闭容器中再充入1mol CO2和3molH2,化学平衡正向移动,则再次达到平衡时
c(CH3OH)>1.5mol?L-1,故A错误;
B.0~10min内,氢气的平均反应速率为
2.25mol/L
10min
=0.225mol?L-1?min-1,故B错误;
C.达到平衡时,氢气的转化率为
2.25mol/L
3mol/L
×100%=75%,故C正确;
D.该温度下,反应的平衡常数的值为
0.75×0.75
0.25×0.75
=3,故D错误;
E.该反应为放热反应,升高温度化学平衡逆向移动,则将使n(CH3OH)/n(CO2)减小,故E正确;
故答案为:CE;       
③A.生成甲醇的速率与生成水的速率相等,只能说明正反应的关系,无法确定正逆反应速率的关系,故A错误;
B.由v(H2)=3v(CH3OH)可知,反应速率之比等于化学计量数之比,但无法确定是否达到平衡,故B错误;
C.该反应为反应前后体积不等的反应,则在恒容容器中,体系的压强不再改变,化学反应达到平衡,故C正确;
D.恒容容器中,混合气体密度不再发生改变,因质量与体积始终不变,则密度一直不变,不能作为判断平衡的方法,故D错误;
故答案为:C;   
④A.使用新高效催化剂,化学平衡不移动,则c(CH3OH)不变,故A错误;              
B.充入He(g),使体系压强增大,但体积不变,反应体系中的浓度不变,化学平衡不移动,故B错误;
C.将H2O(g)从体系中分离出来,能使化学平衡正向移动,使c(CH3OH)增大,故C正确;
D.再充入1mol CO2和3molH2,压强增大,化学平衡正向移动,则c(CH3OH)增大,故D正确;
故答案为:CD;    
⑤甲醇燃料电池中,正极为氧气,正极发生还原反应,则正极反应式为O2+4e-+4H+=2H2O,故答案为:O2+4e-+4H+=2H2O;
(3)由题意可知,硫酸铵溶液的pH<7,硫酸铵为强酸弱碱盐,则铵根离子水解显酸性,水解离子反应为NH4++H2NH3?H2O+H+
硝酸铵溶液中滴加适量的NaOH溶液,由电荷守恒可知,c(NH4+)+c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(NO3-)+c(OH-),而pH=7,则c(H+)=c(OH-),
所以c(NH4+)+c(Na+)=c(NO3-),即c(Na+)<c(NO3-),故答案为:NH4++H2NH3?H2O+H+;小于.

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