紫砂壶的由来

2025-04-02 08:55:49
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

紫砂壶宋朝就开始流行了,苏东坡、梅尧臣等大文豪留下了一些咏茶名篇、名句。其中梅尧臣的“小石冷泉留早味,紫泥新品泛春华”,就讲了用紫砂陶壶烹茶。但宋朝紫砂制作的资料很少留下来,又鲜有实物,究竟如何,还有待考证。紫砂制作的历史一直到明朝才清晰起来。紫砂壶的出现,主要来源人们的实践,人们发现用紫砂壶泡茶,茶味隽永醇厚,由于紫砂壶能吸收茶叶汁,用的时间愈长,泡出的茶水味道就愈好。紫砂壶泡茶就流行开来,紫砂制作家也应运而生。

有可靠文献记载,明朝正德、嘉靖时期的龚春(供春)是推广紫砂壶的重要人物,有人说他是创始人,但紫砂壶宋朝时期就开始出现,自然说龚春是创始人不妥。龚春作为最出名的紫砂制作人,其实他流传的作品也无法证明其真。龚春把手艺传给时大彬、李仲芬,这两人与时大彬的弟子徐友泉并称为万历以后的明代三大紫砂大师。时大彬制作紫砂壶风格高古,造型流畅灵活,不求工巧雕琢,但求朴雅坚致,妙不可思。徐友泉,手工精细,擅长将古代青铜器的形制做成紫砂壶,古拙庄重,质朴浑厚。以上4人可以称为第一代的紫砂壶大师。 

第二代紫砂壶大师为清初人陈鸣远、惠孟臣。陈鸣远最大的贡献,是一改紫砂壶的严谨风格,把日常所见的核桃、栗子、荸荠、花生等造型入壶,擅长堆花积泥,精工细作,使紫砂壶变得极具生动活泼、形象喜人,开创了一代风气;同时,他还发明在壶底书款,壶盖内印的形式,形成固定的工艺程序,影响了之后紫砂壶的发展。(由于陈鸣远的作品出神入化,名震一时,故仿品、赝品大量出现。顾景舟先生说,从少年习艺,直至暮年,半个多世纪中他也只见到几件真品,收藏家要特别小心以防走眼。)明末天启、崇祯年间的惠孟臣,长于制作小壶,以小胜大。孟臣壶以竹刀划款,以器盖内有“永林”篆书小印者为精品。

第三代紫砂壶大师诞生在清代中叶嘉庆、道光年间,陈鸿寿、杨彭年是代表人物。陈鸿寿是著名书画家、篆刻家,他的艺术主张新颖脱俗,认为“诗文书画,不必十分到家”,但必须见“天趣”。他把这一艺术主张,付诸紫砂陶艺。第一大贡献,是把诗文书画与紫砂壶陶艺结合起来,在壶上用竹刀题写诗文,雕刻绘画;第二大贡献,他凭着天赋,随心所欲地即兴设计了诸多新奇款式的紫砂壶,为紫砂壶创新带来了勃勃生机。他与杨彭年的合作,堪称典范。现在我们见到的嘉庆年间制作的紫砂壶,壶把、壶底有“彭年”二字印,或“阿曼陀室”印的,都是由陈鸿寿设计、杨彭年制作的,后人称“曼生壶”。陈鸿寿使紫砂陶艺更加文人化,制作技术虽不如明代中期精妙,但对后世影响很大。杨彭年首创捏嘴新工艺,他不用模子,信手捏来,随意而成,颇具天趣。乾隆以后,紫砂壶的制作日渐衰气,高手不多,嘉道年间的邵大亨,他为陈鸣远以后的一代高手,其它如邵友兰、邵友廷、蒋德休、黄玉麟、程寿珍诸人,总体水准不如前人,如同其他工艺一样,瓷器、漆器、玉器等,皆因循守旧,很少创新。直至现代紫砂大师顾景舟的出现,使得紫砂艺术再次得到了小小的复兴。

回答2:

你好,紫砂壶宋朝就开始流行了,苏东坡、梅尧臣等大文豪留下了一些咏茶名篇、名句。其中梅尧臣的“小石冷泉留早味,紫泥新品泛春华”,就讲了用紫砂陶壶烹茶。但宋朝紫砂制作的资料很少留下来,又鲜有实物,究竟如何,还有待考证。紫砂制作的历史一直到明朝才清晰起来。紫砂壶的出现,主要来源人们的实践,人们发现用紫砂壶泡茶,茶味隽永醇厚,由于紫砂壶能吸收茶叶汁,用的时间愈长,泡出的茶水味道就愈好。紫砂壶泡茶就流行开来,紫砂制作家也应运而生。

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