推荐回答(4个)
1、红富士
日本育成,1980年引入中国。果实大型,平均单果重220克,最大果重650克;果形扁圆至近圆形,偏斜肩,果形指数0.8。果面光滑,无锈,果粉多,蜡质层厚,果皮中厚而韧;底色黄绿,着色片红或鲜艳条纹红;果点中多,黄白色,较小,圆形,锈色果点大,不规则凸出明显。果肉黄白色,致密细脆,多汁,酸甜适度,食之芳香爽口,可溶性固形物含量14.5~15.5%,品质极上,果实极耐贮藏,在半地下窖可藏至翌年5月,在冷风库可藏至翌年7月。贮藏后香气更浓,风味更佳。果实发育期170~180天,10月中下旬采收,生理落果和采前落果很轻,成熟前无裂果现象。
红富士是着色系富士的总称。在富士推广栽培过程中,由于其具有较活跃的遗传性变异特点,在日本各地涌现出许多果实着色好的变异单系,共有100多个。我市引进栽培的主要单系有秋富1、长富2、长富6、岩富10、早生富士等。
烟台市在推广栽培过程中,开展了广泛的选优活动,选育出了烟富1~6号六个优良品系,其中烟富6号为短枝型品系。烟富系的共同特点为,果实大型,果形端正、高桩,果形指数0.86~0.91;着色早、色泽发育快,色相浓红,色调鲜艳,树冠上下内外均着色良好,着色指数93~97.2%;果肉淡黄色,肉质清脆爽口,硬度8.0~9.8千克/平方厘米,可溶性固形物14.0~16.6%,果汁多,风味香甜适口。外观质量明显优于原来引进的红富士,商品性能极好,为红富士的代表品系,我市已大面积改接栽植,取得了较好的市场效果。
2、嘎拉
新西兰品种,1980年由日本引入。
果实中等大,短圆锥形;果面底色金黄,阳面具有浅红晕,有红色断续宽条纹;果形端正,较美观,果顶有五棱,果梗细长;果皮较薄,有光泽;果肉浅黄色,肉质细脆;可溶性固形物含量13~15%,果汁多,味甜微酸,十分可口,品质佳。9月上旬成熟。
新嘎拉,又名皇家嘎拉,1986年引入,多数性状同嘎拉,唯其着色明显优于嘎拉,因得到市场的青睐。
在嘎拉的栽培和选育过程中,栖霞提供的两个优良单株经过烟台市果树站在全市范围内试栽鉴评,名列各优系之首,定名为烟嘎1、2号,其综合性状优于新嘎拉,色泽鲜红艳丽,外观甚美,平均单果重200克左右,8月下旬至9月上旬成熟,为嘎拉苹果的代表品系,极有发展前途。
3、桑萨
又名珊夏,1989年由日本引入。该品种树姿直立,干性较弱,短果枝多,早产丰产,坐果率高。8月下旬成熟,果实圆锥形或扁圆形,单果重230克左右;底色黄绿,向阳面浓桃红色,阴面呈桃红色,果面腊质较厚,皮薄美观;果肉黄白色,松脆爽口,味甜、多汁,有花红果香味,可溶性固形物含量13~15%左右,较耐贮藏,为一个极有发展前途的中早熟品种。
4、红将军
日本品种,1996年由威海市农科中心引自日本中岛天香园。经试栽,在胶东表现出良好的经济性状。该品种果实大,近圆形,平均单果重307克,果桩高,果形指数0.86;果实色泽鲜艳,全面浓红;果肉黄白色,果肉硬度9.6kg/cm2,肉质细脆、多汁,可溶性固形物15.9%。风味甜酸浓郁,品质上乘。9月中旬成熟,比富士早熟30天以上;耐贮性强,不易发绵,自然贮藏可到春节。红将军苹果可在仲秋节和国庆节前上市,具有广阔的市场前景,栖霞已成规模栽培。
5、津轻
果实较大,果个一致,扁圆形至近圆形,单果重200克以上。果面平滑,底色黄绿,阳面被红霞及鲜红条纹。蜡质多,果点较多,大小不一致,小果点为淡黄色,不明显,大果点凸出显着,果皮较薄。果肉黄白色,质细松脆,汁多,味甜,微有香气,可溶性固形物12.5~15.5%,品质上等。果实不耐贮藏,室温下放置月余肉质变绵。9月成熟,果实发育期115天,在金帅之前成熟。产量较金帅低,成熟前有落果现象。
红津轻为津轻的着色系芽变,果实形状、风味与津轻相同,但果实着色容易,色调浓红、鲜艳。我市多做为授粉品种栽植。
烟富8(神富一号)
苹果更新换代优良新品种
“烟富8(神富一号)”是由烟台现代果业科学研究院在红富士苹果园中发现并选育的, 2012年10月通过鉴定、2013年12月通过国家审定的浓红芽变新品种, 并正式命名为“烟富8”。
“烟富8(神富一号)”是晚熟优良红富士苹果—“烟富3”的芽变品种, 高桩大形果, 果肉黄色, 甜度高, 其经济性状比“烟富3”或普通红富士苹果更优良, 该品种已通过专家鉴定。
好吃的苹果品种有陆奥苹果、富士苹果、蛇果、千雪苹果、王林苹果、阿克苏苹果、姬娜苹果、金星苹果、世界一号等。
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